Evidence of scaling advantage on an NP-complete problem with enhanced quantum solvers (opens in new tab)

Achieving quantum advantage remains a milestone in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. Without complexity proofs, scaling advantage—where quantum resource requirements grow more slowly than their classical counterparts—is the primary indicator. However, direct applications of quantum optimization algorithms to classically intractable problems have yet to demonstrate this advantage. Here we develop enhanced quantum solvers for the NP-complete one-in-three Boolean satisfiability problem. ...