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live from washington, this is bbc news. hungary is given an exemption from us sanctions on buying russian oil and gas after a meeting between president trump and viktor orban. thousands of flights in the us are cancelled or delayed as air traffic control feels the impact of the government shutdown. and we take a look at the huge task of rebuilding gaza - likely to take decades, and cost billions of dollars. hello. i’m carl nasman. welcome to the programme.

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hungarian officials say the us has agreed to give hungary “a full and unlimited exemption” from us sanctions on russian oil and gas following hungarian prime minister viktor orban’s meeting with us president donald trump. president trump had been pressuring other countries to stop buying russian energy to force president putin to the negotiating table on ending the war in ukraine. but he has long maintained a warm relationship with mr orban, previously admiring the hungarian prime minister for being a ‘strongman’. mr orban, who has strong ties to russian president vladimir putin, told mr trump it would take a ‘miracle’ for ukraine to win. he also noted that hungary is dependent on russian oil because it’s a landlocked country reliant on existing pipelines - a position echoed by president trump. we are looking at it because it is very difficult for him to get the oil and gas from other areas. as you know, they don’t have the advantage of having sea.

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it is a great country, it’s a big country, but they don’t have sea, they don’t have the ports. earlier i spoke to a democrat spokesperson. hungary has been granted granted an exemption from the oil oil sanctions. it was unusual to to see in the white house, ordinarily ordinarily a country, of a relative relative small size and influence influence like hungary would not not be granted so much airtime and and such a privileged amount of time time with the president of the united united states as we saw today and and in the time i was serving as as us ambassador in hungary, that

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that kind of platform would be almost almost unheard of, quite frankly. frankly. there are so many countries countries within the european union union that drive the relationship relationship more, but the fact of of the matter is if i put my current current hat on which is an elected elected official it is hard for me me not to see what happened as a a political event as donald trump trump holding up viktor albarn, somebody somebody he wants to see succeed succeed he said, very powerful in in your country, he said that to to him at the beginning of the meeting, meeting, and so for him i think he he has as much of a vested interest, interest, donald trump, of seeing seeing viktor albarn re-elected as as viktor albarn saw this as an opportunity opportunity to show hungarians what what he can deliver for them because because of his relationship with with donald trump, so it was pretty pretty extraordinary but definitely definitely politically motivated

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motivated on both sides. hungary hungary is a small country, but the the closest enduro probably to russia, russia, to president putin, has long long been sceptical of the support support of ukraine during this war. war. did the meeting do anything anything to sway the hungarian leader leader to end the war? as you noted, noted, the stance of the hungary hungary leader has been different different from most of europe. most most people in the world see the the invasion of ukraine by russia russia as it is, which was an illegal illegal invasion which ended up in in scores of innocent soldiers killed killed and the hungarian leader has has been very permissive of the incursion incursion by russia and so donald donald trump by contrast has been been all over the map. it is hard hard to tell from monday the next next exactly where he stands with with russia, but what we saw is the

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the hungarian leader came to get get an exemption, to be able to buy buy oil and gas from russia. it appears appears he got it. this again undercuts undercuts what the us is attempting attempting to do, which is put pressure pressure on russia through these these sanctions. he just gave a country country that really does not have have any more of a reason to get get an exemption than some of the the other countries that are close close by, but donald trump gave it it to him, so giving hungary an exemption exemption because donald trump wants wants to bolster the hungarian leader leader in his upcoming race again again with donald trump wanting to to see strongmen win, all of that that is from where i sit disconcerting. disconcerting. there are parliamentary parliamentary elections in hungary. hungary. you mentioned the hungarian hungarian leader was there looking looking for the steel. was this a a big enough when that it might boost boost his chances next year in what what looks to be a very tight race?

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race? that is a good question and and what i have seen over the 15 15 years that the hungarian leader leader has been in power is a real real shift in the economic well-being well-being of the hungarian people. people. when he came into power, power, he did some very significant significant things that cut by double double digits what hungarian is paid paid in their mortgage expenses through through some rewriting of swiss franc franc denominated mortgages, putting putting money back into the pockets pockets of hungarians. similarly similarly he made big plays with with energy and reduced household household energy costs to average average hungary and substantially, substantially, some around 25% in in those early years, but more recently recently we have seen hungarians hungarians experiencing significant significant inflation, some of the the highest inflation in europe, europe, and i think that what is is happening is that just as the

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the leader reap the benefits of putting putting money back in the pockets pockets of people in the beginning beginning of his years in office, office, he now appears to be paying paying the price for the fact the the hungarian economy is not doing doing well. president trump is calling on the us senate to stay in washington this weekend until they have either reached a deal on the shutdown or moved to end the filibuster, making it easier for republicans to pass legislation. democrat senate leader chuck schumer offered a one-year health-care subsidy extension friday as part of a deal to reopen the government, but senate republicans have already criticised that offer. the record-breaking shutdown has lasted more than a month. now it is affecting airports. hundreds of flights have been cancelled nationwide and many more delayed after airlines were told to cut air traffic due to the government shutdown. airports have been grappling with air traffic controller shortages, who are either calling in sick or taking side jobs as they work without pay during the shutdown,

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now in its 38th day. an order by the federal aviation administration will cut a growing number of flights over the next few days, starting with 4% of domestic flights on friday. the cuts will then rise to 6% by 11 november and hit 10% by 14 november. that would mean cancellations of between 3,500 and 4,000 us domestic flights each day. here is what one air traveller who is concerned about making her her trip home had to say. unfortunately unfortunately i will have to tell tell my job that i will be late which which will affect me in so many ways. ways. fingers crossed? praying they they will get this together. this this is horrible. i completely understand understand why they would not want want to work without being paid because because these are people with families

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families and just like i have a family family they have as well and no one one will work for free but we need need to hold our government officials officials accountable for the actions actions impacting how the world is is operating. earlier, i spoke to michael mccormick, he is associate professor and programme coordinator in air traffic management at embry riddle college of aviation. he’s also a former air traffic controller. he said many air traffic controllers are facing professional and personal challenges due to the shutdown. air traffic control profession is definitely a challenge profession, there are thousands of decisions that controllers have to make every time they sit down at a radar display, and every time they stand up in an air traffic control tower, and those decisions have great effect. and they carry a lot of responsibility for ensuring the safety of the aviation system.

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so controllers know that, and they are proud professionals, dedicated to efficiency and safety of the us aviation system. however, when you put on top of them this personal pressure of a government shutdown going into a second month, another pay cheque with zero pay, that puts tremendous financial pressure on them and on their families. now they are stuck with the inability to pay the simple things like the bills that come in every day into a household, and now they are challenged to try to come up with some financial mechanism to make it last with an uncertain future, not knowing when the government shutdown is going to end, so you have the professional stress and now the personal stress, which makes it a double challenge for the controller workforce. staying with the fallout from the shutdown, the us attorney general says

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she has asked for an emergency stay. the judge in rhode island had given until friday to make full payment still recipients on the supplemental nutrition assistance programme and a federal appeals court on friday left that order in place, but the trump administration wants us to spend any trump – court order requiring it to spend more money than is available in a contingency fund, it said it can only make partial snap payments as a government shutdown continues. some 42 millions rely on it assistance. food banks say they have seen an increased demand for help due to the destruction and the us shutdown. sudan’s ambassador to the us has called for “concrete steps” against countries that back the paramilitary rapid support forces, following widespread reports of atrocities carried

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out by its fighters in the city of el-fasher. the rsf denies those reports. on thursday, the rsf said it would agree to a humanitarian ceasefire, as proposed by the us and arab nations. sudan’s military-led government has yet to agree to the ceasefire, and officials are cautious due to past failed ceasefires. meanwhile, sudanese state media says the rsf launched drone strikes on the capital, khartoum, overnight. raids were also reported in the town of atbara, just north of sudan’s capital. the rsf has not claimed responsibility. the united nations is warning of “intensified hostilities” in sudan, despite the rsf’s endorsement of the ceasefire. our state department correspondent tom bateman has more. well, we heard from mohammed idris, the sudanese government ambassador to washington, a call for accountability, he said, for what he called the regional enablers of the rsf. now, the military-led government in sudan has always accused the united arab emirates of being one of the countries that has armed the rsf.

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the uae, for its part, has always denied that despite the fact that there has been evidence compiled by the un and independent experts pointing to the emiratis arming the rapid support forces in sudan. and all of this, of course, in the context of the rsf, now, having taken el-fasher after an 18-month siege and widespread allegations of war crimes being carried out by the rsf during their attack on el-fasher. now, what happened at the briefing from the ambassador today is his officials, showed a group of us reporters videos said to be of the rsf committing war crimes. so we saw videos of soldiers shooting at unarmed people who clearly appeared to be civilians, men boasting about attacks and the numbers of people that they had killed. so clearly the military-led government is trying to get

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that message across. this comes, of course, in the context of a 2.5-year war, the world’s biggest displacement crisis, famine in parts of the country, around 150,000 people killed, and both sides having been accused of a litany of war crimes. now, the americans are much more involved than they have been in recent months, with the trump administration trying to pull together what they’ve called the quad of countries. so that’s the us and then three arab nations that support opposing sides. so saudi arabia and egypt on the one hand, and the united arab emirates on the other. now they’ve got those countries to try and agree to a three-month humanitarian truce, or to try and push the warring parties towards an agreement on a three-month humanitarian truce. what we had this week was the rsf saying that they were prepared to agree to that, but so far, we heard from mr idris in terms of the sudanese government’s

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response, that they say they are still studying these proposals, and at the same time calling on countries to hold to account the rsf for its actions in el-fasher. it has been almost a month since the ceasefire in gaza came came into effect and despite claims of violations, it is still holding. but the next steps of any meaningful peace plan are still some way off - including the rebuilding of the ruined territory. it’s likely to take decades, and cost billions of dollars, but some palestinians are already exploring what gaza might eventually look like. the bbc and other international media are unable to report independently from gaza, so paul adams has more from jerusalem. how to rebuild all this? after two years of war, parts of gaza city are disfigured beyond recognition. if the ceasefire holds, recovery can begin. it’s not going to be quick. it could take a generation.

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“this was my house,” says abu iyad. “it was here, but there’s no house left.” he is 63. if gaza ever arises from the ashes, he doesn’t expect to see it. translation: at this rate, i think it will take ten years. we’ll be dead. we’ll die without seeing reconstruction. nearby, nihadi and his nephew have already started salvaging what they can, thinking only about the coming months. but he has no illusions. this will all have to be torn down. translation: we have been sitting here for about a month since we came back. the rubble hasn’t been removed. the streets haven’t been opened. the water and sewage lines, nothing’s been done with them. gaza’s mayor, appointed by hamas, surveys

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the ruins of his city. gaza is no stranger to destruction and recovery but the work has hardly started. we lack building materials. we badly need 1,000 tonnes of cement to start many jobs to repair manholes, and we need equipment, heavy equipment, we need vehicles. we need spare parts for everything. the scale of the challenge is mind-boggling. the un estimates the cost of damage at $70 billion. the gaza strip is littered with 60 million tonnes of rubble, mixed in with dangerous unexploded bombs and dead bodies. almost 300,000 houses and apartments have been damaged or destroyed. given the colossal levels of destruction in gaza, it’s difficult to know where to even begin. do you start from scratch and construct a whole new gaza strip? or do you build on what remains?

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from the heart of destruction, hope is born. phoenix gaza, a palestinian framework to rebuild our city. there is no shortage of plans. phoenix, more than a year in the making, brought together palestinian volunteers from around the world and gaza’s own municipal experts. the result, a blend of old and new. those cities, they represent the history, the heritage, the identity... and at the headquarters of the palestinian authority in the west bank, further glimpses of what palestinians want recovery to look like. it will not be rebuilt the way it was before. but it could be rebuilt in the way that the palestinian identity and spirit of our people in gaza can be preserved. # let gaza shine bright # golden future, a brand-new light... #

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there are, of course, other visions. donald trump famously posted this bizarre video on his social media account. but a leaked plan published in the washington post paints a similarly glossy vision of a high-tech gaza under us trusteeship for a decade. but gaza is not waiting for outsiders to turn it into dubai. palestinians need to be involved. you know, in talking with palestinians, they do get very worried about imposition or lack of agency. but we are looking forward to eventually using this recovery as an opportunity to support the eventual evolution of a palestinian state. gaza’s reconstruction, the plans and who intends to pay for it all, are due to be discussed at a conference in egypt later this month. a date is yet to be set. right now, a new gaza feels a very long way off. paul adams, bbc news, jerusalem. the death toll from typhoon cole nagy, the most powerful tropical

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tropical storm and asia this year year has climbed to nearly 200 people people mainly from the philippines. philippines. the typhoon first made made landfall, the storm battering battering vietnam the coastal areas areas with heavy rain causing massive massive damage before weakening as as it moved inland towards thailand. thailand. joe inward this report. as people woke to survey the damage, millions found themselves themselves without power. the army army had been deployed to help, to to rescue anyone stranded and injured. injured. the official death toll toll in vietnam is so far much lower lower than the cost of those caught caught in the typhoon like this from, from, still hiring. translation:

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translation: the waves were higher higher than the roof, two stories stories tall. i have nothing left left except what is on my body now. now. i am new to this business, so so i had to invest a lot. now i am am empty-handed with nothing to work work on. before making landfall in in vietnam the typhoon left a trail trail of devastation in the philippines. philippines. some poorer neighbourhoods neighbourhoods were all but destroyed destroyed by landslides and flash flash floods. the government has has declared a state of emergency emergency across the country with with the president promising aid aid to those affected. we will be be helping the families of those those casualties, help them to recover, recover, put them back on their feet feet and do what we can to make up up for the loss they have suffered. suffered. but even as the clear up up continues people are bracing themselves themselves for more. another storm

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storm is said to be building into into a super typhoon. it may hit hit the philippines within days. days. a nobel prize-winning american american scientist james what is is and whose work helped unlock the the secrets of genetics has died died at 97. along with the british british scientist, francis crick, crick, he discovered the double helix helix structure of dna, but later later in life watson attracted criticism criticism for derogatory comments comments about black people and was was ostracised by the scientific scientific establishment. james watson and francis crick at the eagle pub in cambridge, 25 years after their ground-breaking discovery. some of their best work was done in this pub. today, there’s a plaque commemorating them. in all collaboration, it’s very important when one person has an idea... theirs was a classic collaboration -

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the methodical, talkative crick... the devil’s advocate. ..the unorthodox, sometimes inspired watson. i cut some things out of cardboard and sort of made the right shapes and then pasted things on, which would indicate hydrogen atoms. then i think i went off and played tennis. they relied on inspiration. experiments were time consuming and dull. rival scientists didn’t take them seriously. but together they worked out the structure of dna, the molecules that carry the body’s genetic blueprint. it’s a double helix - simple, elegant. we used to occasionally, just jim and i, just sit and look at the molecule and think how beautiful it was. people said we were terribly clever for thinking of this idea of replication. i mean, we would have to be sort of a five-year-old not to see it. it wasn’t clever at all. it was sort of a bonus, which you could say made us terribly famous. we had nothing to do with it at all. it was the molecule itself which did it. but british chemist rosalind franklin’s research was critical for the discovery to happen, although her work was not acknowledged until recently, according to francis crick.

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among the honours that came watson’s way, a shared nobel prize for medicine, awarded in 1962. he used his fame to warn of the dangers of his discovery. and in old age, james watson’s idiosyncrasy tainted his scientific legacy. he said in an interview, “black africans were less “intelligent than europeans,” a comment he apologised unreservedly for a few days later after it drew widespread condemnation. he was accused of defending the indefensible, and the remarks cost him the job he’d held for 40 years, heading a leading american laboratory. but in 2019, he stated there were genetic reasons for differences in iq tests between black and white people. his great achievement remains, which laid the foundations for a new understanding of the human body. pallab ghosh, bbc news. the scientist james watson who has died at 97.

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now to a new frontier in space. we are talking about the first out out of this world barbecue. scientists scientists at a space station are are at a new space kitchen, loading loading it with chicken wings to to celebrate the arrival of a new new crew, and the perfectly grilled grilled chicken wings make a big big change from the usual food. the the astronauts said they smelt and and tasted good. it is a big step step forward for the basic amenities amenities for astronauts. to give give you an idea of how far and fast fast technology is moving in space, space, this is what preparing food food look like five years ago. this this is the first attempt by nasa nasa at baking cookies on board the the international space station. station. it took several tries to to get the exact temperature and and baking time. i don’t think there there are any recipe books or cooking

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cooking in space. the end product product looked good, so good it now now has its own display at the smithsonian smithsonian air and space museum museum in washington. no one knows knows how the cookies taste because because no one was allowed to eat

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all right. “when i first headed to new york, “i sought to be an artist.” # johnny gets a feeling... # 50 years after releasing her extraordinary, swaggering album, horses, patti smith is sharing her life story. “we closed our practice room and we took to the road.” # he saw horses, horses, horses, horses... # it’s a memoir from an artist and poet who says the album was for the disenfranchised and the shunned.

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we were still living in a time where if a kid told their parents they were gay in the midwest, they were disowned.

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