You Won't Believe That I Found Another Chrome Rendering Bug

EDIT: As of 2024-10-15, when Chrome 130 was released, this bug is now fixed! Yahoo!!

So in one of my previous posts, I outlined how Chrome had a rendering bug where it did not properly mask anti-aliasing pixels under certain complex CSS mask conditions. And wouldn’t you know it, right as I publish an update to that post, I find yet another Chrome rendering bug at work.

This story starts a couple months ago, when I’m working on a refresh of some of the colors and layout of our app’s main page to match a new design. The designer comes up to me and says “ayo check out this…

EDIT: As of 2024-10-15, when Chrome 130 was released, this bug is now fixed! Yahoo!!

On their screen, many of the colors look darker than normal. And suddenly, when they hovers over a specific UI element, all the colors snap back to normal. As soon as they stops hovering, the colors go back to being weird again. I have never seen this happen before.

I take a look at their browser state in devtools, and discover something distrubing: all the CSS is correct. Everything is exactly the same as on my machine, and yet the results are different. I’ve done nothing wrong except fail to understand what the heck is going on here.

Narrowing Down A Culprit

As for “why do the colors snap back to normal when a div is hovered?”, that part had a simple yet outlandish explanation: hovering a certain div creates a blur effect, the addition of which must’ve done something to the way the rest of the page was rendered. As for “why are the colors wrong in the first place?”, that part was harder to figure out.

I had put it on the deep backlog at the time, because “shipping the thing” was more important than “solving a bug that seems to hardly ever occur in practice”. But just recently, enough people independently had the bug that we finally had some leads.

One of my coworkers noticed this bug only occured for them when another specific coworker was signed in with their test account. Wait, What? They also noticed that, when the test account’s profile picture showed up on screen, their display backlight lit up more, which usually occurs when trying to display an HDR image.

Excited for a reproduction, I lauched the app on my own machine. The bug didn’t reproduce. Then, I recalled that the monitor I usually test on might not be HDR-compatible, so I dragged it to another monitor that was: my Macbook’s built-in screen. And lo and behold, I had a reproduction. I opened up devtools, unloaded the image thought to be the culprit, and sure enough, the bug went away.

So! Something about HDR images, and whatever div setup we have going on is causing trouble.

Why Is That??

To answer this question completely, I would have to dive into Chromium internals. Unfortunately, I am not that good at diving into Chromium internals, so instead I just found a couple bug reports that might give some insight:

HDR Was A Known Problem

This bug was the first relevant result when I searched for something along the lines of “blur interacts weirdly with HDR MacOS Chrome??”. Back in Chrome M80, they had to disable HDR support for MacOS because they “fall out of HDR mode if there are extra render passes”, like blur, “which looks bad.”

Despite the age of this bug, this is almost the exact result I was seeing! Adding a blur anywhere did cause other stuff to fall out of a (presumably bad) HDR mode. And because the fix for this bug was to just disable HDR, it could be likely the underlying issue was never addressed fully. Feeling confident I was on the right track, I kept looking…

HDR Still Is A Problem

This next bug is much closer to what I was seeing: an HDR image causing a background with opacity to render incorrectly! The reproduction isn’t exactly the same as what we have going on in our app, but hey, close enough.

Below, I’ve demonstrated the reproduction from the bug report: an HDR image with position: absolute outside a parent div with an opacity less than 1:

If you’re in most browsers, you should only see the border color of the square change when the checkbox is checked. If, however, your are:

using Chrome
on MacOS
on an XDR-enabled display

Then the above demonstration should make it so that checking the checkbox also changes the background color of the lower square. This should never happen, because the square is simply background-color: white; opacity: 0.5; over an already-white background, so it should be white always (like in most browsers). The reason the background color changes is because the checkbox has a backdrop-filter: blur property only when it is checked, and as mentioned previously, enabling this blur disables the buggy HDR.

If you don’t believe me, observe this screen recording I took of the bug. Yes, it does show up in screen capture (thank goodness), so it’s definitely not a display bug of any sort:

Note that this bug is extremely sensitive to the types of stacking contexts that can be used to trigger it. You can have roughly the same layout with any of:

changing which div has the position: relative on it
positioning image based on left instead of right
image overlapping div

and the bug will not trigger. This is why I wasn’t able to make a minimal reproduction of what’s actually happening in our app. In our app, the image can (1) be at opacity: 1, (2) overlapping the div, and (3) all transparent colors everywhere are affected, which is even wilder. Shame I wasn’t able to show it off…

Anyways, now I am fairly certain it is a Chrome bug. However, because I do not have the chops to write a patch that fixes it at the source, I have to work around it just using CSS.

Take 1

My thinking:

If adding some blur anywhere stops whatever’s going on with the transparency, then just having a random 1x1 div in the corner of the screen should do the trick!

Sure enough, that did it! No more weird transparency rendering issues, everything looks normal again, we’re all happy yaaaaaaay :)

yeah. um. Remember the first bug? Turns out this trick disables HDR entirely, which is not a good thing if your CEO likes to view HDR videos in his app and can tell the difference.

Take 2

The problem is a combination of HDR, Weird Stacking Contexts, and Transparent Colors. The easiest one of these to fix is Transparent Colors, so if I make the offending background colors Not Transparent, everything will be fine!

Yep! Turns out it’s not too hard to hack together something with Color.js that roughly emulates what the transparent blending would otherwise do. I got it so that even in a side-by-side comparison, I could hardly tell the difference.

And that’s that!! I’ve worked around yet another Chrome bug purely by contoring the CSS into the correct shape, which is why I’m a Software Engineer :)

Conclusion

This bug was really hard to find because it only happened under very specific conditions, and the outcome seemed simply impossible. Blur on one element affecting all elements on the page? Chrome drawing transparent colors incorrectly?? Surely you must be joking, Mr. Feynman. Nope, turns out Chrome has rendering bugs, and stumbling across them is more likely than I thought.

Anyways, hope this was somewhat educational, see y’all next time!