The United States’ decision to double tariffs on imported steel and aluminium to 50% in June 2025 has sent ripples through the global packaging industry.

Metal packaging producers—from food can makers to drinks suppliers—are now grappling with higher raw material costs, tighter supply chains, and fast-changing merger and acquisition (M&A) strategies.

Steel and aluminium are the backbone of cans, caps, and closures used by global food and beverage brands. When tariffs were first introduced in 2018, the average price of canned soup and soft drinks climbed noticeably.

A similar pattern is emerging in 2025: US supermarkets have begun reporting slight price increases on tinned vegetables, pet food, and carbonated drinks as manufacturers pass on extra costs.

A midsized US can producer, for instance, said its aluminium sheet costs have jumped by nearly a third since the new duties took effect. Rather than absorb the hit, the company expects to raise contract prices for its customers in early 2026.

Economists warn that such cost increases could contribute to mild inflationary pressure in the broader grocery sector.

With imported metals becoming more expensive, some packaging firms are experimenting with substitutes. Flexible pouches made from recycled plastic or paper composites are gaining ground, particularly for items such as sauces and pet food.

A UK-based food brand recently replaced its steel tins with recyclable cardboard containers, cutting both weight and import costs.

Others are looking to nearshore production. Several North American packaging suppliers are investing in local steel rolling mills to reduce dependence on overseas inputs.

Industry analysts note that these strategies are costly in the short term but could protect companies from future trade disruptions.

The uncertain tariff environment has spurred a wave of mergers and acquisitions across the packaging sector. Larger companies are acquiring smaller, specialised firms to strengthen supply chains, expand sustainable product lines, and spread costs more efficiently.

For example, a European packaging giant recently bought a US aluminium can recycler to secure access to recycled material and lower its exposure to import tariffs.

Private equity investors are also active, targeting companies with strong automation, compliance, and sustainability records. In the UK, the introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) rules—which make companies pay for the recycling of their packaging—has further encouraged deals that enhance environmental credentials.

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