“From Perceptrons to Backpropagation: A Deep Dive into the Foundations of Deep Learning”
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7 min readOct 19, 2025

AI vs ML vs DL: Clearing the Confusion

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are often used interchangeably, but they’re not the same thing. Many people confuse their differences, so let’s break them down in simple terms.

AI: The Big Umbrella

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the broad field that aims to make machines act intelligently — similar to how humans think and solve problems. From playing chess to self-driving cars, anything that tries to simulate intelligence comes under AI.

ML: The Statistical Tool

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI. Think of it as the engine that powers AI. ML focuses on using statistical techniques to:

  • Analyze data
  • Visualize trends
  • Make predict…

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