Samburu pastoralist Naimalu Lentaka, 40, offers milk from a container to a camel calf after milking camels at dawn in an enclosed pen in a manyatta -a pastoralist homestead settlement- near Sereolipi, on September 29, 2025. Long-necked mammals, which can feed on dry grasses, go more than a week without water, and produce up to six times more milk than native cattle, are progressively increasing in northern Kenya, where climate shocks have exacerbated malnutrition and fueled tensions in recent decades. In 2015, after several droughts decimated at least 70% of the cattle in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid regions, authorities in Samburu Countywhich relies on livestock for 90% of its economy…
Samburu pastoralist Naimalu Lentaka, 40, offers milk from a container to a camel calf after milking camels at dawn in an enclosed pen in a manyatta -a pastoralist homestead settlement- near Sereolipi, on September 29, 2025. Long-necked mammals, which can feed on dry grasses, go more than a week without water, and produce up to six times more milk than native cattle, are progressively increasing in northern Kenya, where climate shocks have exacerbated malnutrition and fueled tensions in recent decades. In 2015, after several droughts decimated at least 70% of the cattle in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid regions, authorities in Samburu Countywhich relies on livestock for 90% of its economylaunched a large-scale food security program, inspired by a transition underway since the late 1990s in several pastoral communities in the area. Some 5,000 Somali dromedariesa larger and more productive breed of camel than native cattlepurchased from markets, have already been distributed through this program, including 1,000 in the past year. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)
“God, God, God, protect them,” chanted two herders, their eyes following a dozen camels rushing toward acacia trees, oblivious to the dry riverbed in northern Kenya, where it hasn’t rained since April.
Sitting on the edge of a nearby well, Chapan Lolpusike recounted how his cows and oxen “all died” in the worst drought in four decades, caused by a succession of poor rainfall in 2021 and 2022.
Samburu pastoralist Chapan Lolpusike, 35, pumps water from a well for some of his camels to drink before heading out to graze close to his manyatta – a pastoralist homestead settlement – near Sereolipi, on September 29, 2025. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)
After that, the herder made a sweeping change.
“We no longer have cattle at home. We only raise camels,” said Lolpusike, a member of the semi-nomadic Samburu community.
Camels can graze on dry grasses, go more than a week without water, and produce up to six times more milk than cattle — making them an increasingly necessary option in northern Kenya, an area particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Samburu county officials launched a camel programme in 2015 following several droughts that killed off at least 70 percent of the cattle in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid regions.
The die-off had a devastating impact on malnutrition among local pastoralists.
Around 5,000 Somali camels — a larger and more productive breed than the native herd — have since been distributed, including 1,000 in the last year.
Camels For Every Family
Samburu pastoralist Chapan Lolpusike, 35, (C) speaks with his wife Soilin Lolpusike, 25, and some of his children while waiting for camel milk tea inside the hut where she lives with her family in a manyatta -a pastoralist homestead settlement – near Sereolipi, on September 29, 2025. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)
Lolpusike, who previously knew nothing about camels, received some in 2023.
In his manyatta — a hamlet of rectangular huts nestled in a shrubby savannah — a dozen camels lay peacefully chewing dry grass.
The goal is for every family in the county to have their own, said village administrator James Lolpusike (no relation).
“If the drought persists, the cattle will not be anywhere anymore,” he said.
Camel herds are at high risk of disease that could lead to losses.
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But there are clear, positive changes as they become a regular sight in the region, including healthier children, said the village administrator.
They are certainly popular in the community, particularly due to the fact they can be milked up to five times a day.
“Cows are only milked when the grass is green,” said Naimalu Lentaka, 40.
“Camels… during the dry season, they are still milked, and that’s the whole difference.”
Families now “depend on camels, on those who own them,” she added.
Racing Stars
A Samburu pastoralist holds a container of freshly milked camel milk from her herd in a manyatta -a pastoralist homestead settlement – near Sereolipi, on September 29, 2025. (Photo by Luis TATO / AFP)
Camel milk and human breast milk have similar nutritional and therapeutic properties, according to a 2022 study by Meru University in Kenya.
Camel milk contributes up to half the total nutrient intake during droughts among pastoral communities in the north.
The animal is already a star in the region, thanks to a famous endurance race.
At the Maralal International Camel Derby in late September, around 40 camels frolicked before a cheering crowd.
The winner covered 21 kilometres (13 miles), the equivalent of a half-marathon, in one hour and 22 minutes.
But organisers said the event — whose theme was “peaceful cultural interactions” — was primarily about bringing together communities that used to fight over resources, since camels are also a symbol of peace.
Moving cattle herds to more fertile areas during the dry season can spark conflict between herders that have claimed hundreds of lives over the years.
Camels are happy to stay where they are.
Even this hardy animal needs some water, however, so locals still pray for rain.
“We only pray the situation doesn’t get worse,” said James Lolpusike.
AFP