Data availability
The processed datasets generated in this study have been deposited in Zenodo under accession code33. The interactive online tool—Interactive U.S. map of produced gas composition—is publicly available at ref. 34. Raw gas composition datasets used in this study were obtained from publicly ava…
Data availability
The processed datasets generated in this study have been deposited in Zenodo under accession code33. The interactive online tool—Interactive U.S. map of produced gas composition—is publicly available at ref. 34. Raw gas composition datasets used in this study were obtained from publicly available sources (USGS and EPA GHGRP) as described in the Methods. The raw Enverus oil and gas production data used in this study are available under restricted access due to commercial license restrictions. Access can be obtained through a paid subscription from Enverus, and equivalent well-level production data are also available from state regulatory agencies.
Code availability
The code used to process raw datasets, perform geostatistical modeling, and generate figures in this study has been deposited in Zenodo under accession code35.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the by the Stanford Natural Gas Initiative, an industry consortium that supports independent research at Stanford University. This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management under Award Number DE-FE0032310. This work was partially supported by the California Energy Commission (SUMMATION project, agreement number PIR-17-015). It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This paper has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission, nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this paper. This manuscript has been authored by authors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Additional support for this work was provided by the Archie Initiative of Aramco.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Philippine M. Burdeau & Adam R. Brandt 1.
Systems and Energy Technologies Analysis Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Evan D. Sherwin 1.
Integrated Ecosystem Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
Evan D. Sherwin 1.
Integrated Ecosystem Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Sébastien C. Biraud 1.
Insight M, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
Elena S. F. Berman
Authors
- Philippine M. Burdeau
- Evan D. Sherwin
- Sébastien C. Biraud
- Elena S. F. Berman
- Adam R. Brandt
Contributions
P.M.B., E.D.S., and A.R.B. conceptualized the study. P.M.B., E.D.S., and A.R.B. conducted the formal analysis and developed the methodology. Supervision was provided by A.R.B. and E.D.S. Funding was acquired by E.S.F.B., S.C.B., A.R.B., and E.D.S. Data curation was handled by P.M.B. P.M.B. wrote the manuscript with feedback from all the authors.
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Philippine M. Burdeau.
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Burdeau, P.M., Sherwin, E.D., Biraud, S.C. et al. High-resolution national mapping of natural gas composition substantially updates methane leakage impacts. Nat Commun (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66465-6
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 06 November 2025
Published: 21 November 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66465-6