Olive oil is a kitchen staple across the world with “liquid gold” a defining factor in everything from Caprese salad to hummus and paella.

But while olive oil is widely touted for its health benefits not all bottles are created equal, according to experts.

Much like wine, the best bottles come down to the quality of the land, the conditions in which the olives are grown, and the processing practices.

“The question of quality ultimately comes down to the health of the tree and the milling practices,” Mary Mori, vice president of quality and product at California Olive Ranch, which came top in the 2025 World Olive Oil Rankings, told The Independent.

“We always say, ‘You can’t make great olive oil without great olives.’”

Not all olive oils are created equal. The differences come down to the olive tree, the quality of the land and how the olives are harvested (Getty/iStock)

But there are things outside olive oil producers’ control. Drought, for example, has had California’s olive oil crop in a chokehold for decades. The arid conditions** **can reduce crop size and lead to more bitter tasting olives.

Flooding rain is also an issue for growers, leaving oil groves susceptible to diseases that can kill the crops.

Price matters - but so does transparency

Overall the more expensive the olive oil, the better the quality, says Joseph Profaci, director of the North American Olive Oil Association, which conducts the nation’s largest and most complete olive oil testing and certification program.

“I’m sorry to say that, but it’s true. And I always tell people, ‘Buy the best olive oil you can afford,” he told The Independent.

However, California Olive Ranch’s Mori notes that while price can mean better quality, there’s also the risk of being seduced by a fancy bottle.

“Just because a bottle costs $40 or has beautiful packaging doesn’t necessarily mean it’s higher quality,” she said. “Focusing on brands that carry trusted certifications and provide full transparency into their sourcing and quality standards is the best way to ensure you’re getting truly great olive oil.”

Certifications assure that the olive oils meet purity and quality standards set by the International Olive Council, the world’s only intergovernmental organization in the field of olive oil and table olives.

Olive oil comes from around the world but Spain is the largest producer, making more than half the world’s olive oil some years. Spain’s climate is ideal for growing olive trees with warm and dry summers and mild winters that won’t kill crops. Italy and Greece are the typically the next two largest producing countries.

Totally extra

Both experts say the best olive oil to buy is extra virgin olive oil, which is ultimately any one that is the least processed.

Extra virgin olive oil is made by taking any type of olive - but most commonly the Arbequina in California and Picual in Spain - crushing them and grinding them into a paste using mills and then putting them into a malaxer machine, which works to separate the oil from the water in the olives.

You can buy a liter of extra virgin olive oil in the U.S. for about $20. However some bottles half that size may sell for as much as $60, due to the quality of the product, the cost of the labor and production, limited supply or the brand.

Extra virgin olive oil is made from all kinds of olive. But Spain, the world’s largest producer, mostly uses Picual olives (KEA - stock.adobe.com)

More refined olive oils - which are milder and less pungent than extra virgin - involve a less pure production process.

This oil is made in the same way as EVOO but with olives of lower quality. To correct the impurities, the oil is then treated with heat or chemicals.

The cancer-protecting benefits of ‘liquid gold’

Whatever olive oil you purchase, there are still health benefits. It’s high in oleic acid, a good fat which lowers bad cholesterol, and is packed with immune-strengthening vitamin E.

But the bonus with extra virgin olive oil is a unique kind of antioxidant known as polyphenol, which helps prevent cell damage that can ultimately lead to heart disease and cancer.

All olive oils contain polyphenols but, because it’s unrefined, extra virgin olive oil retains significantly more than other types of olive oil.

“Phenols are present in all extra virgin olive oils, and the more intense the bitterness and pungency, the higher the phenol content,” Mori explains.

Olive oil is great on pasta, in salads and other dishes. But the versatile table staple can also make a sweet treat a little more complex (Getty/iStock)

Spread the love

But the olive oil aficionados also explain that there are different olive oils for different occasions.

“What do you plan to do with the oil? Are you going to cook with it? Are you using it as a finishing oil? Are you going to give it as a gift?” Profaci said. “There are lots of questions that will help you decide which ones to buy.”

Robust oils with a richer taste are the best with soups, salads, pastas or fish, he said. Whereas, extra virgin olive oils are more versatile.

While you shouldn’t pour the whole bottle - or even a lot into these dishes - there is no hard rule about how much to add.

So the next time you need a bottle, think about what goes best with your dish.

A cap’s worth poured over vanilla ice cream with sea salt can make a delicious dessert and a small bowl is enough for dipping bread as an appetizer.